cut

cut command in Linux with examples

The cut command in UNIX is a command for cutting out the sections from each line of files and writing the result to standard output. It can be used to cut parts of a line by byte position, character and field. Basically the cut command slices a line and extracts the text. It is necessary to specify option with command otherwise it gives error. If more than one file name is provided then data from each file is not precedes by its file name.

Syntax:

cut OPTION... [FILE]...

Let us consider two files having name state.txt and capital.txt contains 5 names of the Indian states and capitals respectively.

$ cat state.txt

Andhra Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Without any option specified it displays error.

$ cut state.txt

cut: you must specify a list of bytes, characters, or fields

Try 'cut --help' for more information.

Options and their Description with examples:

1. -b(byte): To extract the specific bytes, you need to follow -b option with the list of byte numbers separated by comma. Range of bytes can also be specified using the hyphen(-). It is necessary to specify list of byte numbers otherwise it gives error. Tabs and backspaces are treated like as a character of 1 byte.

List without ranges

$ cut -b 1,2,3 state.txt

And

Aru

Ass

Bih

Chh

List with ranges

$ cut -b 1-3,5-7 state.txt

Andra

Aruach

Assm

Bihr

Chhtti

It uses a special form for selecting bytes from beginning upto the end of the line:

In this, 1- indicate from 1st byte to end byte of a line

$ cut -b 1- state.txt

Andhra Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

In this, -3 indicate from 1st byte to 3rd byte of a line

$ cut -b -3 state.txt

And

Aru

Ass

Bih

Chh

2. -c (column): To cut by character use the -c option. This selects the characters given to the -c option. This can be a list of numbers separated comma or a range of numbers separated by hyphen(-). Tabs and backspaces are treated as a character. It is necessary to specify list of character numbers otherwise it gives error with this option.

Syntax:

$cut -c [(k)-(n)/(k),(n)/(n)] filename

Here,k denotes the starting position of the character and n denotes the ending position of the character in each line, if k and n are separated by “-” otherwise they are only the position of character in each line from the file taken as an input.

$ cut -c 2,5,7 state.txt

nr

rah

sm

ir

hti

Above cut command prints second, fifth and seventh character from each line of the file.

$ cut -c 1-7 state.txt

Andhra

Arunach

Assam

Bihar

Chhatti

Above cut command prints first seven characters of each line from the file.

Cut uses a special form for selecting characters from beginning upto the end of the line:

$ cut -c 1- state.txt

Andhra Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Above command prints starting from first character to end. Here in command only starting

position is specified and the ending position is omitted.

$ cut -c -5 state.txt

Andhr

Aruna

Assam

Bihar

Chhat

Above command prints starting position to the fifth character. Here the starting position

is omitted and the ending position is specified.

3. -f (field): -c option is useful for fixed-length lines. Most unix files doesn’t have fixed-length lines. To extract the useful information you need to cut by fields rather than columns. List of the fields number specified must be separated by comma. Ranges are not described with -f option. cut uses tab as a default field delimiter but can also work with other delimiter by using -d option.
Note: Space is not considered as delimiter in UNIX.

Syntax:

$cut -d "delimiter" -f (field number) file.txt

Like in the file state.txt fields are separated by space if -d option is not used then it prints whole line:

$ cut -f 1 state.txt

Andhra Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

If -d option is used then it considered space as a field separator or delimiter:

$ cut -d " " -f 1 state.txt

Andhra

Arunachal

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Command prints field from first to fourth of each line from the file.

Command:

$ cut -d " " -f 1-4 state.txt

Output:

Andhra Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

4. –complement: As the name suggests it complement the output. This option can be used in the combination with other options either with -f or with -c.

$ cut --complement -d " " -f 1 state.txt

Pradesh

Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

$ cut --complement -c 5 state.txt

Andha Pradesh

Arunchal Pradesh

Assa

Biha

Chhatisgarh

5. –output-delimiter: By default the output delimiter is same as input delimiter that we specify in the cut with -d option. To change the output delimiter use the option –output-delimiter=”delimiter”.

$ cut -d " " -f 1,2 state.txt --output-delimiter='%'

Andhra%Pradesh

Arunachal%Pradesh

Assam

Bihar

Chhattisgarh

Here cut command changes delimiter(%) in the standard output between the fields which is specified by using -f option .

6. –version: This option is used to display the version of cut which is currently running on your system.

$ cut --version

cut (GNU coreutils) 8.26

Packaged by Cygwin (8.26-2)

Copyright (C) 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

Written by David M. Ihnat, David MacKenzie, and Jim Meyering.

Applications of cut Command

1. How to use tail with pipes(|): The cut command can be piped with many other commands of the unix. In the following example output of the cat command is given as input to the cut command with -f option to sort the state names coming from file state.txt in the reverse order.

$ cat state.txt | cut -d ' ' -f 1 | sort -r

Chhattisgarh

Bihar

Assam

Arunachal

Andhra

It can also be piped with one or more filters for additional processing. Like in the following example, we are using cat, head and cut command and whose output is stored in the file name list.txt using directive(>).

$ cat state.txt | head -n 3 | cut -d ' ' -f 1 > list.txt

$ cat list.txt

Andhra

Arunachal

Assam